Spelling Correction
English · Vocabulary · 3 min
Concept: Spelling — the patterns that carry most words
English spelling is irregular but not random. Four patterns cover most of what the paper asks.
- Double letters. accommodation (two c, two m), embarrass (two r, two s), occurrence (two c, two r), committee (two m, two t, two e), possession (four s in pairs). Against them stand the single-letter traps: harass (one r), necessary (one c, two s), until (one l).
- Endings.
-ableafter a complete word (comfort → comfortable),-ibleafter a stem that is not a word (poss → possible). Only three words end in-ceed(proceed, exceed, succeed), one ends in-sede(supersede), and the rest take-cede(precede, recede, concede). - The ie / ei rule. i before e, except after c: believe, achieve, relieve — but receive, deceive, ceiling.
- Doubling before a suffix. A short stressed vowel doubles the consonant: occur → occurring, refer → referred, begin → beginning; but benefit → benefited and offer → offered, because the stress is not on the last syllable.
The single most common mistake is spelling by pronunciation, which is exactly what a Marathi-medium reader is trained to do, since Devanagari is written as it is spoken: "goverment" for government, "enviornment" for environment, "definately" for definite, "seperate" for separate.
How to check: say the word syllable by syllable in full — gov-ern-ment, en-vi-ron-ment, sep-a-rate — and remember that definite contains finite and separate contains a rat.
Formula card
accommodation, embarrass, occurrence, committee double up; harass, necessary, until do not · -able after a whole word, -ible after a stem · only proceed, exceed, succeed take -ceed; supersede takes -sede · i before e except after c · stress on the last syllable doubles the consonant
Worked example
Which spelling is correct: acommodation / accomodation / accommodation / accomadation? → accommodation. Sanity check: the word is built from "ac" plus "com" plus "modation", and each of those parts keeps its own consonant, giving two c and two m. A memory hook that survives exam pressure: a good lodging offers two cots and two mattresses.