Active & Passive Voice

Converting to the passive is mechanical. Do the three moves in this order and nothing goes wrong: object comes to the front, verb becomes "be" + V3, subject goes to the end after "by".

1. Statements. The form of "be" copies the tense of the original verb: does → is done, did → was done, has done → has been done, will do → will be done, is doing → is being done. Only the "be" changes; the main verb is always V3.
2. Two objects. "He gave me a book" has two objects, so either may lead: "A book was given to me" or "I was given a book."
3. Imperatives. "Shut the door" → "Let the door be shut", and a polite request becomes "You are requested to shut the door."
4. Questions and modals. Keep the question shape: "Who wrote this?" → "By whom was this written?" With a modal: "You must submit it" → "It must be submitted by you."

Two verbs cannot be made passive at all: intransitive verbs (sleep, come, arrive, die) have no object to promote. If the sentence has no object, it has no passive.

The single most common mistake is using V2 instead of V3 after "be" — "The letter was wrote", "The film was saw by us". How to spot it: the word after was/were/been must be a form you would use after "have". You say "have written", so it is "was written"; you say "have seen", so it is "was seen".

object → subject, verb → be + V3, subject → by + agent · the "be" copies the original tense (did → was, has done → has been done) · imperative → Let + object + be + V3 · modal → modal + be + V3 · no object, no passive

Change to the passive: "Rabindranath Tagore wrote Gitanjali." → Object to the front: "Gitanjali"; verb "wrote" is simple past, so "be" becomes "was" and the main verb takes V3: "written"; subject moves to the end: "Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore." Sanity check: "was wrote" is the classic trap, and the test defeats it — you would say "has written", so the third form is "written".